PMC

Average contribution of different wind categories to salt marsh erosion rates: calm, 0.1% ± 0.05%; light air, 4.0% ± 1.9%; light breeze, 5.0% ± 2.7%; gentle breeze, 36% ± 8.3%; moderate breeze, 18.0% ± 3%; fresh breeze, 24.0% ± 5.7%; strong breeze, 7.0% ± 2.5%; near gale, 5.0% ± 3%; gale, 0.2% ± 0.1%; strong gale, 0.2% ± 0.1%; storm, 0.2% ± 0.07%; violent storm, 0.2% ± 0.05%; and hurricane, 0.1% ± 0.05%. Plots refer to the entire period of record ( shows the contribution of each wind category to a specific field site).

The effects of M. gale fruit exudate extracts on the root and shoot growths of sorghum, cress, mustard and F. x bohemica. Concentrations are the total quantities of dry exudate extracts added to each Petri dish for the bioassays. Means ± SE are shown for three independent experiments with 5–10 plants per treatment. Significant differences with the control treatment (P < 0.05, Tukey’s test) are indicated by *.

The effects of M. gale entire fruits and leaf powder on the root and shoot growth of sorghum, cress, mustard and F. x bohemica. Concentrations are the total quantities of fruits or leaf powder added to each Petri dish. Means ± SE are shown for three independent experiments, with 5–10 plants per treatment. Significant differences with the control treatment (P < 0.05, Tukey’s test) are indicated by *.

Galactose metabolism in humans and zebrafish. Genes encoding the enzymes involved in galactose metabolism (panel a) in humans show strong conservation with their zebrafish counterparts (panel b). Strikingly, only the UGP2 gene is duplicated in zebrafish (ugp2a and ugp2b). GALK1: galactokinase, GALT: Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, GALE: UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase, UGP: UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose pyrophosphorylase, Panel b shows the percentage of amino acid similarity between the human and zebrafish homologs of the enzymes involved in galactose metabolism